Such differentiating behavior has been previously reported in bursting neuron models and may reflect specializations for detection of acoustic edges. In contrast with other unit types, these bursting neurons fired primarily on the rising phase of SAM or the onset of unmodulated stimuli, and preferred rapid stimulus onset rates. When we classified single-unit recordings using either a criteria-based or an unsupervised classification method into regular-spiking, fast-spiking, and bursting units, a subset of intrinsically bursting neurons formed the most highly synchronized group, with strong phase-locking to sinusoidal amplitude modulation (SAM) that extended well above 20 Hz. Neurons in auditory cortex of the awake marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus ) encode temporal information with either stimulus-synchronized or nonsynchronized responses. Here, we report divergence in stimulus-encoding properties between subpopulations of cortical neurons that are classified based on spike timing and waveform features. Studies of the encoding of sensory stimuli by the brain often consider recorded neurons as a pool of identical units. This tool allows for the assessment of complex rhythmic tapping skills in about 15 min, thus providing a useful addition to existing music aptitude batteries. In combination, the tapping tasks explained variance in external indicators of musical proficiency above and beyond the perceptual PROMS tasks. Both tapping tasks were only marginally correlated with non-temporal perception tasks. Specifically, performance in rhythm tapping was correlated more strongly with performance in rhythm perception than in tempo perception, whereas performance in tempo tapping was more strongly correlated with performance in tempo than rhythm perception. Convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity correlations fell in line with expectations. Overall, results showed satisfactory psychometric properties for internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The items were taken from the rhythm and tempo subtests of the Profile of Music Perception Skills (PROMS), and administered as tapping items to 40 participants (20 women). To redress this limitation, we developed a standardized rhythm tapping test comprising test items of different complexity. Hence, whereas several instruments to assess tempo or beat tapping ability exist, there is at present a shortage of paradigms and tools for the assessment of the ability to tap to complex rhythmic patterns. Assessing the finger tapping of complex rhythmic patterns is far less explored and considerably more complex to analyze. Sensorimotor synchronization is a longstanding paradigm in the analysis of isochronous beat tapping.
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